約翰福音第廿一章（一）：'agapao' and 'phileo'的分別

以下是2009-1-20交的功課。

Query:
Should we make or not make distinction between 'agapao' and 'phileo' in John 21:15-17?

Answer:
v15：
[和合本]他們吃完了早飯，耶穌對西門彼得說：約翰（在太16：17稱約拿）的兒子西門，你愛我比這些更深嗎？彼得說：主啊，是的，你知道我愛你。耶穌對他說：你餵養我的小羊。

[KJV]So when they had dined, Jesus saith to Simon Peter, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me more than these? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Feed my lambs.

[OJB]Then when they ate, he says to Shimon Kefa, Shimon Bar-Yochanan, do you have ahavah for me more than these? Shimon Kefa says to him, Ken, Adoni, You have da'as that I have ahavah for You. He says to him, Feed My lambs(小羊、羔羊).

v16：
[和合本]耶穌第二次又對他說：約翰的兒子西門，你愛我嗎？彼得說：主啊，是的，你知道我愛你。耶穌說：你牧養我的羊。

[KJV]He saith to him again the second time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Feed my sheep.

[OJB]He again a second time says to him, Shimon BarYochanan, do you have ahavah for me? Shimon Kefa says to him, Ken, Adoni, You have da'as that I have ahavah for You. He says to him, Take care [as a ro'eh (shepherd) would] of My sheep(綿羊). [2Sm 5:2; Ezek 34:2 Ps 78:71f]

v17：
[和合本]第三次對他說：約翰的兒子西門，你愛我嗎？彼得因為耶穌第三次對他說你愛我嗎，就憂愁，對耶穌說：主啊，你是無所不知的；你知道我愛你。耶穌說：你餵養我的羊。

[KJV]He saith unto him the third time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me? Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, Lovest thou me? And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep.

[OJB] Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach says to him the shlishit time, Shimon Ben Yochanan, do you have ahavah for me? Kefa was grieved because Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach said to him the shlishit time, Do you have ahavah for me? And he says to Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach, Adoni, You have da'as of all things. You have da'as that I have ahavah for You. Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach says to him, Feed My kevasim.

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在OJB版本見到不明的字，查考後得到一些解釋：

• Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach（teacher, Judaism's King Messiah）
• da'as（Knowledge）
• grieved（憂傷）
• kevasim（公綿羊羔，陽性單數 keves．陽性複數 kevasim）
• shlishit time（第三次）
• Ken（Yes Sir）

我們用希伯來文（用OJB版本）看，主耶穌三次問彼得都是用一個字「ahavah」。「ahavah」就是盡心愛我們的神（Love the Lord with all our heart）。所以，希臘文的‘agapao’ and ‘phileo’ in John 21:15-17是沒有分別。老師解說老約翰為何用不同的字去表達，應是文章修辭的技巧。

而彼得三次都是用「ahavah」來回應。

但主耶穌三次再回應彼得時是不一樣：

• 1st：Feed My lambs(小羊、羔羊).
• 2nd：Take care of My sheep(綿羊).
• 3rd：Feed My kevasim(公綿羊羔，複數).

那些羊一次比一次大隻，我想是一次比一次的承擔更大。仲有一發現是彼得對主的稱呼，第一和二次是：Ken, Adoni，而第三次卻是Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach。

我想以此看，當我們認主是老師，認主是彌賽亞的時候，主就會將更大的責任或羊給我們牧養。